Photography

1. Ikatúpa ajapo peteĩ nde ra'ãnga?

   I-ka-tú-pa a-ja-po pe-teĩ nde ra-'ãn-ga?

   May I take your photo?

   Usage

   Asking permission before taking someone's photo

   Grammar Note

   A photo is "ta'ãnga" (image). The initial t- alternates to r-/h- when possessed: "nde ra'ãnga" (your picture), "ha'ãnga" (his picture). Taking a photo is "ta'ãnga japo" (to make an image); a photographer is "ta'ãnga apoha". Everyday jopara also uses Spanish "foto"

2. Jajapo peteĩ ta'ãnga oñondive.

   Ja-ja-po pe-teĩ ta-'ãn-ga o-ñon-di-ve.

   Let's take a photo together

   Usage

   Suggesting taking a group or selfie photo together

   Grammar Note

   The verb prefix "ja-" (ña- before a nasal stem) is the inclusive first-person plural — the one that includes the listener, matching the pronoun "ñande". Invitations use this form

3. Ko tenda iporãiterei ta'ãnga apo hag̃ua.

   Ko ten-da i-po-rãi-te-rei ta-'ãn-ga a-po ha-g̃ua.

   This is a great spot for photos

   Usage

   Recommending a good location for taking photos

   Grammar Note

   "hag̃ua" is the purposive suffix "in order to"; the verb before it stands in its bare nominal form ("apo" = the making). "-iterei" is the intensifier "very"

4. Ndaikatúi ojejapo ta'ãnga ko'ápe.

   Ndai-ka-túi o-je-ja-po ta-'ãn-ga ko-'á-pe.

   You are not allowed to take photos here

   Usage

   Telling someone photography is not permitted here

   Grammar Note

   Negation uses the circumfix "nda-…-i" (ikatu → ndaikatúi). The prefix "je-" is passive/impersonal, so "ojejapo" means "it is made / one makes"

5. Ejapo chéve peteĩ ta'ãnga porã.

   E-ja-po ché-ve pe-teĩ ta-'ãn-ga po-rã.

   Please take a nice photo

   Usage

   Asking someone to take a good photo of you

   Grammar Note

   The prefix "e-" creates second-person imperatives. ejapo = e (imperative) + japo (do/make)

6. Ko ta'ãnga iporãiterei.

   Ko ta-'ãn-ga i-po-rãi-te-rei.

   This photo is wonderful

   Usage

   Expressing admiration for a photo

   Grammar Note

   Quality words such as "porã" (good/beautiful) take "i-" to form a third-person predicate: iporã = "it is beautiful". "-iterei" intensifies it to "very"

7. Ajapose peteĩ ta'ãnga opa mba'e ojekuaa hag̃ua.

   A-ja-po-se pe-teĩ ta-'ãn-ga o-pa mba-'e o-je-kua-a ha-g̃ua.

   I want to take a panoramic photo

   Usage

   Saying you want to capture a wide panoramic shot

   Grammar Note

   "-se" is the desiderative suffix "want to" (ajapo → ajapose). Guaraní has no word for "panoramic", so the idea is rendered as "so that everything can be seen"

8. Ajerure ndéve: ikatúpa ajapo peteĩ nde ra'ãnga?

   A-je-ru-re ndé-ve: i-ka-tú-pa a-ja-po pe-teĩ nde ra-'ãn-ga?

   Will you allow me to take your picture?

   Usage

   Formally requesting permission to photograph someone

   Grammar Note

   "jerure" means "to ask / to request". Prefacing the question with "ajerure ndéve" (I ask you) raises the politeness level. The question particle "-pa" attaches to the first word of the clause

9. Ko ta'ãnga ndahesakãi.

   Ko ta-'ãn-ga nda-he-sa-kãi.

   This photo is blurry

   Usage

   Commenting that a photo came out blurry

   Grammar Note

   "hesakã" means clear/sharp, not blurry; to say a photo is blurry you negate it with the circumfix "nda-…-i" → "ndahesakãi". The same root gives "myesakã" (to explain = to make clear)

10. Areko peteĩ cámara.

    A-re-ko pe-teĩ cá-ma-ra.

    I have a camera

    Usage

    Saying you have a camera with you

    Grammar Note

    In everyday jopara (the Guaraní–Spanish mix) the device is simply "cámara". There is also the coinage "ta'angapyhyha" (image-catching tool), but it is a technical term for cinematography, not the ordinary word for a camera

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